自我控制对性别刻板印象的影响

Effects of Self-Control on the Gender Stereotype

自我控制是刻板印象的重要影响因素,但以往研究尚未对此进行深入探讨。本研究通过两个实验,考察状态和特质自我控制对性别刻板印象的影响。实验一招募45名被试,通过Stroop任务操纵被试的自我控制状态,通过IAT获得被试的性别刻板印象水平。结果显示与无自我损耗组被试相比,自我损耗组被试在刻板印象得分上更高。实验二以47名大学生为被试,使用自我控制量表获得被试的特质自我控制,通过前后测SC-IAT实验获得被试的性别刻板印象改变量。结果显示相对于低自我控制者,高自我控制特质的个体更能有效控制性别刻板印象。两个研究结果表明,状态和特质自我控制均会影响性别刻板印象。

Self-control is an important factor of the stereotype suppression. However, fewer studies have examined the relation of self-control and gender stereotype suppression seriously. This study investigated the effect of self-control on the gender stereotype suppression. In the first experiment, forty-six participants completed the Stroop task and IAT, while the participants＇ state of self-control was controlled by ego depletion in the Stroop task. Results showed that compared to those participants without ego depletion, participants with ego depletion scored higher on gender stereo- type. In the second experiment, thirty-six participants finished the self-control scale. And the score of gender stereotype suppression was calculated from the pre- and post-test in the SC-IAT. Results showed that compared to those participants with high trait self-control, participants with low trait self-control have less gender stereotype change. Therefore, self-control significantly influenced the gender stereotype suppression, regardless of the state or trait self-control.