油气开采过程的环境监测与管理

Environmental surveillance and management in oil and gas exploration and production

当前随着石油、天然气等开发的不断深入,对地下水、土壤、大气等自然环境的监管和保护越来越重要。本文介绍了目前国内外套后窜漏监测、输油管线泄漏监测和大气污染监测的主要方法,其中套后窜流监测的包括测井法、试井法、机械法;输油管线泄漏监测包括输差检漏法、负压波法等常规方法和实时监测系统;大气污染监测包括生物监测法、光谱分析法等常规方法和综合性监测系统。简述了该领域国内外最新进展,其中套后窜流监测包括核监测技术和实时监测技术等;输油管线泄漏监测包括模型法、漏磁监测、腐蚀理论等;大气污染监测为综合性监测系统。分析表明,井下实时监测技术、管线泄漏实时监测系统、智能化气体集成监测系统将成为未来油田开采过程中主要的发展方向和热点。

Nowadays, the regulation and protection of natural environment, such as groundwater, soil and air etc. becomes increasingly important with greater exploitation of oil and natural gas. This paper introduces the main monitoring methods including cross flow monitoring behind casing, pipeline leakage monitoring and air pollution monitoring in China and abroad, presenting the integrated management programs of environment monitoring, which provides a new method for environment monitoring technology in oil and gas exploration and production. The cross flow monitoring methods behind casing consist of well logging method, well test method and mechanical method. The pipeline leakage monitoring methods include differential input leak test, negative pressure wave method and real- time monitoring system. Air pollution monitoring methods include biological monitoring, spectrum analysis and comprehensive monitoring system. It also outlines new technologies of the three monitoring, including： 1） nuclear monitoring and real-time monitoring in cross flow monitoring behind casing; 2） the model methods, MFL and Corrosion Theory in pipeline leakage monitoring; 3） and the comprehensive monitoring system in air pollution monitoring. Meanwhile, it was investigated that real-time down-hole monitoring, real-time pipeline leak monitoring system and intelligent integrated gas monitoring system will become the main development trend and focus in the future of oil and gas field.