体育治理主体:域外经验与中国镜鉴

Main Body of Sport Governance: Experience from Abroad and Reference from China

通过文献资料法,论证体育治理主体的演进、困境、出路,探讨体育治理主体的演进规律、困境根源、未来路向。发现:国外体育治理主体在政府、市场、社会之间交替演进,最终达到多元主体协同共治,这种现象的背后是政府的目的性与选择性;我国体育治理主体困境的根源是主体之间关系的混乱,即体育行政部门越位与缺位共存、体育市场主体利益阻滞与缺乏规范并行、体育社会组织功能异化与弱化同在。应构建平等、协商、合作的主体间关系:1依靠完备的制度框定多元治理主体的责权利边界;2明确体育行政部门依然是多元治理主体的轴心,承担着制度设计和有效监管的责任;3通过制度规范和道德引领重塑体育市场主体的行为;4通过明确法律法规、健全管理制度、加强自身独立性、提升社会认同度、拓展组织功能等方式,将体育社会组织建设成为体育治理的当然主体。

The article adopted the method of literature review to demonstrate the evolution, dilemma and solution of the main body of sport governance. The comparative study shows that the main body in foreign countries changes alternately among government, market and society, ultimately achieving the coordinated governance of multiple subjects, which results from the government＇ s purposeful selection. On the other hand, however, there is confusion of the relations among different subjects in China, including the coexistence of sports administration interference and vacancy, the interest blockade from sports market and regulation lack, as well as the alienated and weakened functions of social sport organizations. The paper proposed that the equal, negotiated and cooperated relationships among different subjects should be established. Firstly, the responsibility, power and right of multiple governance subjects should be defined under the complete system. Secondly, it should be clarified that the sports administration, being the axis of governance, should take the responsibilities of system design and effective supervision. Thirdly, the behavior of sport market as one main body should be reshaped through institutional norms and morals. Lastly, laws and regulations should be completed to make the social sports organization one main body of sport governance.