明代中后期《穆天子传》的传播与接受——以王世贞为中心

On the Communication and Acceptance of the Biography of King Mu(《穆天子传》)in the Middle and Late Period of Ming Dynasty——Focusing on Wang Shizhen(王世贞)

明嘉靖至万历时期,以"舆论领袖"王世贞为代表的阅读公众初步形成,他们以荐读、研究、创作实践等方式迅速推动着《穆天子传》的传播与接受,从而掀起了知识分子阅读、讨论的风潮。考察其背后的社会原因,主要源于皇帝对道教的推崇、西王母信仰的兴盛及明中后期发达的印刷业。在《穆天子传》传播过程中,形成了两个传播偏向,一是以复古派为代表的知识分子偏重于"白云谣"诸篇章并将其应用于诗歌革新,二是经知识分子再创作的穆天子故事杂糅西王母仙迹而普及民间。两个偏向又重合于周穆王见西王母事件,使受众产生《穆天子传》的主题就是写穆王与西王母相会的错觉,从而影响了文学史的撰写和当代人对此书的认知。

The reading public of the Biography of King Mu（《穆 天 子 传》）,represented by the ＂opinion leader＂Wang Shizhen（王世贞）,has been formed in Jiajing（嘉靖）and Wanli（万历）period.It was furthering the spread ofthe Biography of King Mu,by the ways of recommending,studing and creativing practice,then started the agitation of reading,discussion in intellectuals.Exploring the social reasons,three reasons can be found：the Emperor＇s praising the Taoism;booming of the belief of Xiwangmu（西 王 母）and developed printing industry in Ming Dynasty.Two transmission bias were formmed in the process of transmission：Intellectuals,especially the classicist school poets,put attentions to those poems,such as Bai Yunyao（白云谣）and and Wong Chuk（黄竹）and so on,and applied it to the poetry innovation;The stories of Mu Tianzi（穆天子）which were create by the intellectual and mix nourished trace of the Xiwangmu,are popular in people.And the two bias were overlap in the event of King mu ‘s visit Xiwangmu.Thus,the audiences,who have not read the Biography of King Mu,were thought that the theme of it is about about Xiwangmu,but it is a illusion.Meanwhile,the two bias have also affected the writing of literary history and the modern people＇s perception of the book.