呼和浩特老年高血压病城乡差异现况的调查

Prevalence Survey on the Differences of Senile Hypertension between Urban and Rural Areas in Hohhot

目的探讨呼和浩特市老年高血压病流行病学特点及中医证型的分布情况在城乡之间的差异,为城乡之间老年高血压病的具体防治措施提供流行病学依据。方法采用流行病学分层整群随机抽样的研究方法,以呼和浩特地区的4个区(玉泉区、赛罕区、新城区、回民区)中每个区的1个社区和1个自然村作为调查点,选择年龄≥60岁的常住居民(居住年限≥5年)作为调查对象,以面对面的形式收集所需信息并填写《呼和浩特市老年高血压病流行病学调查及中医证型分析表》。结果呼和浩特市老年高血压病的患病率为42.00%,城市为37.06%,农村为46.79%,农村高于城市;知晓率为65.53%,城市为73.90%,农村为59.20%,城市高于农村;控制率为32.94%,城市为36.90%,农村为29.21%,城市高于农村。中医证型的所占比例由高到低分别为:阴虚阳亢型(23.67%)>气血亏虚型(20.83%)>痰湿壅盛型(13.64%)>肝肾阴虚型(12.69%)>阴阳两虚型(9.84%)>瘀血阻滞型(9.66%)>肝阳上亢型(7.37%)>肝火亢盛型(2.29%);其中,城市老年患者以肝肾阴虚型为主,占22.27%;农村老年患者以阴虚阳亢型为主,占31.77%。结论呼和浩特市老年高血压病的患病率、知晓率、控制率在城乡之间存在显著差异。中医证型主要以虚证为主,城市老年患者与农村老年患者的主要中医证型有差异。

Objective To investigate differences of epidemiology and TCM syndromes distribution of senile hypertension between urban and rural areas in Hohhot,so as to provide scientific epidemiology basis for specific hypertension prevention and treatment between rural and urban areas. Methods The survey was conducted over four districts in Hohhot（ Yuquan district,Saihan district,new urban area,Huimin district）through stratified and cluster sampling. One community and one natural village in every district above were selected as investigation site. The people who are over 60 years officially registered permanent residences（ at least 5 years） were chosen as respondents. The form of epidemiology survey of senile hypertension in Hohhot was filled by face to face with every patient. Results The prevalence rate of senile hypertension in Hohhot was 42. 00% that in rural area was 46. 79%,which was higher than 37. 06% in urban area. The awareness rate was 65. 53% that in urban area was 73. 90%,which was higher than 59. 20% in rural area. The control rate was 32. 94% that in urban area was 36. 90%,which was higher than 29. 21% in rural area. The distribution of TCM syndromes were ordered from the most to the least as follows： yin-deficiency and yang-predominance syndrome was 23. 67%,deficiency of qi and blood syndrome was 20. 83%,sputum syndrome was 13. 64%,deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome was 12. 69%,deficiency of yin and yang syndrome was 9. 84%,blood-stasis syndrome was 9. 66%,excessive of liver-yangwas 7. 37%,and overabundant liver-fire syndrome was 2. 29%. The most of TCM syndromes in urban area was 22. 27% occupied by deficiency of liver and kidney syndrome,and the most of TCM syndromes in rural area was 31. 77% occupied by yin-deficiency and yangpredominance syndrome. Conclusions The prevalence,awareness and control rate of senile hypertension in Hohhot were obviously different in urban and rural areas. The majority of TCM Syndromes was occupied by deficiency syndromes. The majority of TCM Syndromes between urban and rural areas were different.