陕北某石化集团女工10年间妇科疾病普查结果分析

The survey analysis of gynecological diseases by health examination among female staff of a petrochemical group in the northern Shaanxi province during ten years

目的分析陕北某石化集团女职工历年来生殖系统常见病和多发病的患病率及变化情况,评价其妇科健康状况和专题查体的效力,为进一步健康保障和疾病干预提供对策。方法 2005至2014年由西安交通大学第一附属医院妇产科专家对陕北某石化集团已婚女职工进行妇科临床询问、妇科查体、宫颈刮片细胞学检查和妇科B超检查等妇科疾病专题普查,分析10年间该企业女职工生殖系统疾病检出情况的年度变化规律及其相关因素。结果在10年间计8 986人次受检者中,被检出的疾病以宫颈炎类疾病为主,总体检出率为39.36%,其中宫颈糜烂样改变检出率最高（23.86%）且逐年显著降低;其它疾病按降频依次为阴道炎类（12.95%）、盆腔炎（4.76%）、子宫肌瘤（3.95%）、卵巢囊肿（3.54%）、月经过多（2.90%）。需要治疗的疾病发病率逐年显著减少。未发现妇科恶性肿瘤等严重疾病。宫颈糜烂样改变按年龄分组主要集中于20~39岁年龄段,与40岁以上人群比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=349.63,P〈0.001）。结论高质量和规律的妇科病普查及妇女自身保健意识的培养,能显著降低各类妇科疾病患病率和提高妇科健康水平。适宜的普查应注意针对人群特征进行细化和分层安排。

Objective By analyzing the prevalence of gynecological diseases among the female staff of a petrochemical group in the northern Shaanxi province over the years,to evaluate the gynecological health status of employees and the effectiveness of the periodic health examination,so as to provide the basis for further programme of health care protection and disease intervention. Methods Totally8986 married female employees were accepted the yearly clinical inquiry,gynecological examination,cervical smear cytological screening,and B ultrasonic examination of pelvic cavity by professional gynecologists. The data of the periodic health examination during 2005 to 2014 were analyzed for annual variation law and its related factors of female reproductive system diseases. Results Of the 8986 subjects investigated during the ten years,the priority disease was cervicitis with a overall rate of 39. 36%,in which the cervical erosion played a highest role with 23. 86%,and significantly reduced by years. Other common detected diseases were vaginitis（ 12. 95%）,pelvic inflammatory disease（ 4. 76%）,myoma of uterus（ 3. 95%）,ovarian cysts（ 3. 54%）,and menorrhagia（ 2. 90%）. The incidence of diseases which required to be treated was significantly reduced year by year. The serious disease such as gynecological malignancy was not found. The cervical erosion was mainly distribute in 20 ~ 39 years old age group,which was more significantly prevalent than that of women above 40 years old（ χ2= 349. 63,P〈0. 001）. Conclusion The qualified and regular gynecologic health examination as well as the cultivation of the consciousness of women＇s health care can significantly reduce the prevalence of gynecological diseases and raise the level of health. An appropriate health examination should paid attention to the characteristics of the populations and be arranged more elaborated and hierarchically.