汉中市汉台区2011至2015年幼儿园儿童健康体检结果分析

Health examination results of children in kindergartens in Hantai of Hanzhong from 2011 to 2015

目的了解汉台区幼儿园儿童生长发育和健康状况,同时对辖区城乡幼儿园儿童的健康状况作以分析比较。方法将汉台区妇幼保健院2011至2015年的36所幼儿园儿童健康查体资料进行回顾性分析,比较城、乡儿童健康状况的差距。结果从2011年至2015年汉台区幼儿园儿童身高、体重超过均值的百分率变化不大,而城区儿童超过均值的百分率高于农村儿童（χ2值分别为73.68和29.33,均P〈0.001）;城、乡儿童低体重、贫血的检出率逐年降低（χ2=20.24~102.90,均P〈0.05）,但农村儿童低体重、贫血的检出率明显高于城区儿童（χ2值分别为28.16和31.94,均P〈0.001）;肥胖、龋齿的检出率逐年上升（χ2=17.49~112.91,均P〈0.05）,且城区儿童肥胖的检出率明显高于农村儿童（χ2=26.71,P〈0.001）,龋齿的检出率低于农村儿童（χ2=29.06,P〈0.001）。结论汉台区幼儿园儿童体格发育水平趋于平稳,低体重和贫血患病率逐年有所降低,肥胖和龋齿患病率逐年上升。对幼儿的保健工作应做好儿童肥胖、龋齿的保健预防。

Objective To understand the growth and health condition of children in kindergartens in Hantai District and to compare the health status between children in kindergartens from urban and rural areas. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the health examination data of children in 36 kindergartens in Hantai District from 2011 to 2015 to compare the growth and health condition of children from urban and rural areas. Results From 2011 to 2015,the percentages of children whose height and body weight exceeded the average value changed little,while the percentage from urban children was higher than those from rural children（ χ2value was 73. 68 and 29. 33,respectively,both P〈0. 001）. The detection rates of low weight and anemia in urban and rural children decreased year by year（ χ2value ranged 20. 24- 102. 90,P〈0. 05）,but they were significantly higher in rural children than in urban children（ χ2value was 28. 16 and31. 94,respectively,both P〈0. 001）. The detection rates of obesity and dental caries increased year by year（ χ2value ranged 17. 49-112. 91,P〈0. 05）. The detection rate of obesity was significantly higher（ χ2= 26. 71,P〈0. 001） but the detection rate of dental caries was lower（ χ2= 29. 06,P〈0. 05） in urban children than in rural children. Conclusion The physical development of children in kindergartens of Hantai District is stabilized. The rates of low birth weight and anemia decrease year by year,but the rates of obesity and dental caries rise year by year. More preventive health care should be done to reduce the rate of obesity and dental caries.