抗精神病药物致深部静脉血栓形成及肺栓塞的研究进展

Progress in Research on Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Induced by Antipsychotics

精神疾病患者发生深部静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)及肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的危险性较正常人群高,典型及非典型抗精神病药物均可引起。躯体约束、紧张症及恶性综合征(NMS)是精神疾病患者DVT及PE发生危险性增加的三种状态。抗精神病药物引起DVT及PE的病理生理机制涉及多个方面。应对精神疾病患者发生DVT或PE的危险因素进行评估,当患者同时存在多种危险因素时应作为高危人群,并有针对性地采取预防措施。

The risks of deep venous thrombosis （DVT） and pulmonary embolism （PE） are higher in psychiatric patients than in healthy populations, which may be induced by both typical and atypical antipsychotics. Physical restraint, catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome are related to a higher risk of incidences of DVT and PE in psychiatric patients. Pathological and physiological mechanisms of DVT and PE are related to multiple respects. The risk factors of DVT and PE should be evaluated, and the psychiatric patients with multiple risk factors should be considered as high risk populations of DVT and PE, to whom the appropriate prophylactic measures are necessary.