Langacker主观性理论的两个问题及其解决方案

Two Deficiencies of Langacker's Theory of Subjectivity and Their Unified Solution

Langacker的主观性理论存在两个相关的问题,根源都在于Langacker参照视觉感知对于主观性所做的独特定义。解决问题的统一方案可能是:在区分概念化层面的主观性和具体表达式的主观性的基础上,提出具体表达式的主观性这一概念,并将其定义为说话人对于客体/侧体识解的主观性。这个方案不但解决了上述问题,还统一了Langacker与Lyons、Traugott对主观性的定义,统一了Langacker与Traugott对主观化的论述。具体表达式的主观性可以采用比较的方法去区分,还可以参照Langacker的三个主观性等级和主观化渐变的四个参数去解释大小。

Langacker＇s theory of subjectivity has two related deficiencies,which both have their origin in his unique definition of subjectivity. A unified solution to these problems might be the introduction of a new concept—the subjectivity of the concrete expression,defined as the speaker＇s construal of the object or the profile of the expression. This solution not only successfully eliminates the two deficiencies,but also satisfactorily reconciles the difference between Langacker＇s and Lyons＇ and Traugott＇s definitions of subjectivity and seamlessly unites Langacker＇s and Traugott＇s ideas concerning subjectification. The degree of subjectivity can be pinpointed by comparing two expressions differentiated by only one component and by referring to the three levels of subjectivity and the four parameters involved in subjectification.