汉语核心情状体的功能—认知研究

The Functional-Cognitive Explanation of Core Situation Aspect in Modern Chinese

从谓词到小句,情状意义依照句法规则逐层合成,其中核心层涉及谓词和补语的合成。在本文中,我们首先区分出描写和结果两种参与情状合成的补语类别。结果补语与谓词同为小句焦点,为谓词的情状架构终点情状;描写补语作为小句的焦点,消磨了谓词体现情状的能力,使其成为具有了一定指称性的类似次话题成分。结果补语和描写补语与谓词结合形成的核心情状体有类型上的差异,在叙述语篇中发挥了不同的设景功能,前者充当前景,推动叙事时间的发展,后者则充当背景,描述叙事的原因或对其解释。

Clause is the final syntactic unit to realize the situation meaning. From verb to clause,situational meaning is composed layer by layer according to syntactic rules. At the core layer,verbs are first composed with complements. We first classify the complements which are involved in the composition of situational meaning into two types： resultative and depictive.These two types function differently while involved in the composition. The correspondingly formed resultative and depictive core situation aspects differ in situational types,and play different grounding functions in narrative discourse. The former serves as foreground,pushing the narrative time forward. The latter serves as background,elaborating the narration or explaining its cause.