从修辞论元散曲译介——基于“[越调]天净沙·秋思”的译本分析

Rendition of Yuan Arias Based on Rhetoric Comparisons Between Chinese Original and English Versions of[Yue Tune]Tianjingsha-Autumn Thoughts

中国古典诗词歌赋是中国乃至是世界的宝贵文化遗产,其译介一直是译界的关注焦点,与唐诗宋词鼎立的元散曲的译介亦如此。元散曲的译介起步较晚,其译介主体主要是英语世界和我国本土汉学家,其译品不但为中国文化走向世界做出贡献,而且译品本身也无疑成为文化的重要组成部分,探讨这些译品的翻译成效,可以从中得到元散曲及其他文学译介翻译范式的启示和借鉴意义。元散曲代表作"[越调]天净沙·秋思"具备典型的元散曲特征,其形式和内容表达皆自然流畅,堪称散曲绝句,其译介也是数量最多的,对这些译品的解析发现,元散曲的译介从具体的翻译处理到整体的翻译评价,维度都是多元的,因此需要从一个全域性的视觉去考量。本文选取20种英译本,通过译品之间的比较、译品与源文本的比较,从宏观修辞角度分析如何从文体、意象、音韵、美学及语言特征上实现元散曲翻译中源语与译语的对等,从而讨论元散曲翻译的有效策略和对译品的评判标准。

As precious treasures both for national and international literature world,Chinese classical verses（ i. e. poetries,ditties,odes and songs）,address general attention for their renditions to various languages. Yuan arias,with parallel position as Tang poetries and Song verses,its rendition is essentially valuable although the commencement and the quantity are relatively late and less than the former two. Literature review found that most renditions of Yuan arias were in English,by native and non-native sinologists. These renditions contributed to establishing the position of classical Chinese literature in the world. It is implicative to discuss the translating paradigm for later renditions of Yuan arias. This paper initiated the statistical analysis of the translation techniques in perspective of rhetoric devices based on 20 versions of Autumn Thoughts with Tune of Sunny Sand（ i. e. Tianjingsha）,written by MA Zhi-yuan（ 1250—1321？）,the famous poet and playwright in Yuan Dynasty（ 1271—1368）. The rhetoric equivalence between the source text and the translated versions is discussed in relation to stylistics,the representations of imagery,rhythm,aesthetics and linguistic features.