跨层次理论整合:从双层博弈到双层竞合

Cross-level Theoretical Integration: From Two-level Game to Two-level Coopetition

鉴于系统分析理论的缺陷,跨层次理论整合浮出水面,并成为国际关系领域的研究难题。罗西瑙等众多学者都有过相关学术努力,但均差强人意。有一种思路是通过单元层次的回落,以外交政策分析来实现跨层次理论的整合,但由于外交政策变化主观随意性太大,面临多因素、多层次、多学科等多重困难,导致研究上难度越来越大,最后收效甚微。总体上看,最成功的还是罗伯特·普特南的双层博弈及米尔纳模式。在借鉴以上研究成果的基础上,本文把双层博弈发展成双层竞合模式及其三种互动方式,进而演进成双层、多元"立体式竞合"模式,从而提出了跨层次理论整合新的思路及方向。

Given the flaw of the system theory, the cross-level integration theory is emerging, and becoming a difficult problem of IR studies. Many scholars, such as Rosenau, Deutsch, Haas, have expended much efforts but with less result. There is a way to reach cross-level integration through FPA. However, the change of foreign policy is too subjective and arbitrary. Faced with the difficulties of multi-factor, multi-level, and multi-disciplinary, the study becomes more difficult and less effective. Overall, the most successful studies are Robert Putnam＇s Two-level Game and Milner＇s mode. On the basis of the two modes, the paper creatively improves the two-level game into the two-level coopetition mode with three interactive ways, and then into a two-level, heterogeneous ＂ all-around coopetition ＂ mode. Finally, this paper try to achieve cross-level theory integration and make up the insufficiency of dynamics and the deficiency of action process in the IR theory studies.