多主体建模与仿真在创业研究中的应用述评

A Literature Review of the Application of Multi-agent Modeling and Simulation to Entrepreneurial Research

多主体建模与仿真在创业研究领域逐渐兴起,成为检验复杂创业问题的系统性研究方法,然而实际研究进程缓慢,因而有必要对当前研究进行系统梳理以明晰其应用前景。本文从创业主体、机会、学习和知识四个视角梳理发现:主体视角下的研究以组织为主,未来需要从组织单一层次转向个体、团队及组织的多层次研究;机会视角下的研究提出了识别和开发机会的"知识匹配度"衡量标准,但并未深入揭示其在机会发现观与创造观两种范式下的本质区别,未来还需结合理论研究构建对应范式下的模型及衡量标准;学习和知识是描述创业行为的关键要素,在创业仿真模型中运用普遍,但模型中对学习、知识的其他分类方式及不同分类方式下学习、知识对创业行为的影响关注不足。最后,本文以现有研究结论为基础,从创业理论研究及仿真模型构建两个方面总结了现有研究的局限,并提出未来创业领域仿真研究的方向。

Multi-agent modeling and simulation have been sprung up in entrepreneurial research, and become a systematic way to testify complicated entrepreneurial problems. However, actual progress in this field is slow, so it is necessary to sort out current research and specify future application prospects. This paper reviews the literature from four perspectives, namely entrepreneurial agents, entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial knowledge. It comes to corresponding conclusions as follows： firstly, the research from the perspective of entrepreneurial agent focuses on organizations, so future research needs to transform from a single level concerning organizations to multi-level research concerning individuals, teams and organizations; secondly, the research from the opportunity perspective has already proposed ＂knowledge matching degree＂ as a criterion concerning opportunity recognition and developing process, but still does not clearly reveal its essential differences in the two paradigms of opportunity recognition view and opportunity creation view, so future work may combine theoretical research with building models and criteria in corresponding paradigm; thirdly, knowledge and learning are two key elements in describing entrepreneurial practice, and both are widely used in entrepreneurial stimulation models, whereas models pay little attention to other classifications of learning and knowledge, as well as their influences on entrepreneurship. Finally, based on current research conclusion, this paper summarizes existing restrictions in both entrepreneurship research and simulation model building, and provides directions in future simulation research in entrepreneurship field.