精神科医护人员职业紧张与心理健康状况研究

Study of occupational stress and mental health status in psychi- atric doctors and nurses

目的探讨精神科医护人员职业紧张水平及反应强度和心理健康状况。方法对79名精神科医护人员（医护组）和75名行政、辅助科室技术人员（对照组）采用职业任务量表、个体紧张反应量表、症状自评量表、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表进行测评分析。结果医护组职业任务量表总分及任务过重、任务不适、责任感和工作环境4个因子分显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），个体紧张反应量表总分及职业紧张反应、心理紧张反应、人际关系紧张反应3个因子分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01），其他因子分与对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。医护组症状自评量表的阳性项目数、阳性症状总分及躯体化、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子分显著高于国内常模（P〈0．05或0．01），焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表总分显著高于国内常模（P〈0．01）。结论精神科医护人员职业紧张水平较高，职业紧张反应强度大，存在明显的焦虑、抑郁情绪，应对其予以有针对性的心理干预缓解职业紧张状况，提高其心身健康水平。

Objective To explore the occupational stress, reaction intensity and mental health status in psychiatric doctors and nurses. Methods Assessments were conducted with the Occupational Roles Questionnaire （ORQ）, Personal Strain Questionnaire （PSQ）, Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90）, Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） in 79 psychiatric doctors and nurses （medical Group） and 75 technicians administrative and ancillary departments （control group）. Results The total, role overload, role insufficiency, responsibility and physical environment score of the ORQ （P〈0.01） and the total, vocational strain, psychological strain and interpersonal strain of the PSQ （P〈0.05 or 0.01） were significantly higher in medical than control group, there were no significant group differences in other factors （P〉0.05）. Numbers of positive items, total score of positive items, somzatization, interpersonal relation, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia score of the SCL-90 （P〈0.05 or 0.01） as well as the total scores of the SAS and SDS （P〈0.01） significantly higher in medical group compared with national norm. Conclusion Psychiatric doctors and nurses have higher vocational strain levels, stronger vocational stress reaction, obvious anxious-depressive emotions, purposeful psychological interventions should be given to them to relieve vocational strain and boost their mental health levels.