孔子“诗可以怨”之本义及其悖论解读

Research on the Literal Sense of “Shi Ke Yi Yuan”of Confucius and Its Paradox

孔子在仁德修养方面不主张怨,但在事君政事方面却是主张怨的。"诗可以怨"的本义是士人借用诗三百以讽谏政事,且并未有"怨而不怒"的要求。"诗可以怨"这一看似与孔子仁德相悖的主张,实质上却正是孔子推行仁德、以仁为本的政治实践的表达。它体现着孔子道统观念与一家一姓王朝政统之间的拉锯与抗衡,为士人阶层的品格塑造与参政途径提供了理论依据。

Confucius does not advocate resentment in moral cultivation, but does it in government affairs con- ductions. The literal sense of ＂shi ke yi yuan＂ means that scholars show their satire on government affairs by using the poems in Shi Jing and it doesn＇t contain the requirement of ＂yuan er bu nu＂. ＂Shi ke yi yuan＂ seems contrary to Confucius＇ s moral cultivation theory, but in fact, it is really the expression of his moral and political opinion practicing based on benevolence. It shows the seesaw and counter between Confucian ortho- doxy and political orthodoxy and it offers scholars the theoretical basis for the character shaping and political participation.