经济奖励对个体内生激励的挤出效应研究——激励偏好与工作复杂度的调节作用

Study on Crowding-out Effect of Economic Rewards on Individuals' Intrinsic Motivation: the Moderating Role of Motivational Orientation and Job Complexity

已有研究表明,经济奖励会抑制个体的内生激励,即存在挤出效应。基于归因理论、认知评价理论等研究挤出效应的具体发生机理,识别激励偏好、工作复杂度及二者的交互对挤出效应的调节作用。研究结果表明:(1)挤出效应确实存在;(2)与内生偏好者相比,外生偏好者表现出更强烈的挤出效应;(3)随着工作越来越复杂,挤出效应表现得愈加显著;(4)激励偏好与工作复杂度的交互对挤出效应的调节得到部分验证,"外生偏好×复杂工作"组合下的挤出效应最强,"外生偏好×简单工作"组合下的挤出效应最弱。

Studies show that economic rewards decrease intrinsic motivation, and this phenomenon is called crowding - out effect. On the basis of attribution theory and cognitive evaluation theory, etc. , this paper stud- ies the occurrence mechanism of crowding - out effect, examines how the motivational orientation, job com- plexity and their interaction moderate the crowding -out effect. The empirical results reveal that： （1）the crow- ding - out effect does exist ; （2）compare with individuals of intrinsic motivational orientation, people of extrinsic motivational orientation experience stronger crowding - out effect ; （3）economic rewards for complex job gener- ates stronger crowding - out effect; （4）the moderation effect of the interaction of motivational orientation and job complexity is partially confirmed, under the combination of ＂extrinsic motivational orientation x complex job＂ , the crowding - out effect is strongest, under the combination of ＂ extrinsic motivational orientation x simple job＂ , the crowding- out effect is weakest.