四轮独立驱动电动汽车能效分析与功率分配

Energy Efficiency Analysis and Power Distribution of Four-wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles

本文中分析了四轮独立驱动电动汽车样车的结构与原理,利用快速原型建立了分布式整车控制系统架构。通过轮毂电机及其控制器与样车的台架试验和底盘测功机道路模拟试验,得到了轮毂电机的转矩响应特性和能量效率曲线,采用最小二乘法拟合驱动电机控制规律。与此同时,鉴于轮毂电机及其控制器效率的非线性和在转矩区间的差异,提出了一种减少整车能量消耗的前后轴驱动力分配方法,并进行了样车道路试验。结果表明,通过驱动力分配进行整车能量优化,不同行驶速度下能效最大改善超过10%,优化驱动模式可进一步降低整车能耗。

In this paper,the structure and principle of a four-wheel independent drive electric vehicle prototype are analyzed and rapid prototyping technology is applied to the creation of the architecture of vehicle distributed control system. Through the bench tests and road simulation test with dynamometer on hub motor and its controller and prototype,the torque response characteristics and energy efficiency curves of hub motor are obtained,and the control law of drive motor is fitted by using least squire method. In addition, in view of the nonlinearity and difference in different torque intervals of the efficiencies of hub motor and its controller,a method of driving forces distribution between front and rear axles is proposed for reducing energy consumption of vehicle,and the road tests on prototype vehicle are conducted. The results show that the vehicle energy optimization through driving force distribution can improve energy efficiency by over 10% at most at different driving speeds,and drive mode optimization can further lower the energy consumption of vehicle.