甘啤大麦氮素运移模型模拟试验研究

Experimental study of Nitrogen transmission model simulation on Ganpi Barley

以甘肃啤酒大麦甘啤4号、甘啤6号和甘啤7号为材料,在2013~2015年进行田间正交试验,研究以75kg/hm2、150kg/hm2和225kg/hm2施肥量,以生育期不灌水、底墒水＋拔节水、底墒水＋拔节水＋开花水等施水量对3个大麦品种氮素吸收、累积及氮素贡献率的影响。试验结果表明：施用氮肥可显著提高大麦的籽粒和秸秆产量,但是过量施用对籽粒和秸秆增产不明显。同一生育期,叶片和茎鞘的氮素含量随着施氮量增加而提高。施氮量影响氮素的转运效率,当施氮量增加时氮素运转效率呈现先增后减的趋势。在大麦生育期增加灌水量和灌水次数能够提高籽粒产量,随着灌水量增加,营养器官累积氮素向大麦籽粒的转运量和转运率均呈现先增加后减少的趋势。本试验条件下,甘啤大麦合理施肥量为150kg/hm2,同时在大麦生长过程中灌底墒水和拔节水对大麦生长最有效。

Three-year field experiment was carried out to study the effects on nitrogen application,irrigation amount,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen contribution of malting barley（Ganpi4,Ganpi6,Ganpi7）.Three nitrogen application rate were employed（75,150,225kg/hm2）and several irrigation treatments were set,including no irrigation,irrigation before sowing and jointing,irrigation before sowing,jointing stage and anthesis.The results showed that grain and straw yield of malting barley could be significantly increased after nitrogen fertilizing expect over applying.At the same stage,nitrogen content raised with the increasing nitrogen application rates in leaves,stem and sheath of barley.Nitrogen transfer efficiency increased at first and then decreased with nitrogen application rates increasing.Grain yield of barley could be raised by increasing the irrigation rates and times during the growing period.The transfer quantity and efficiency of accumulated nitrogen in vegetative organs increased at first and then decreased with the increasing irrigation rates.Under these experimental conditions,reasonable nitrogen application rate was 1.623~1.674kg/m2 and irrigation before sowing and jointing was the most effective irrigation treatment for malting barley growth.