中世纪俄罗斯女性的文化特征

On the Cultural Features of Medieval Russian Women

在欧洲,女性观念一直存在于古典文明和中世纪文明中。俄罗斯中世纪经历了七百多年漫长的发展过程,晚期深受欧洲文化的影响和冲击,其女性文化特征主要表现在宗教、社会和家庭生活中,处于从属、规制和斗争中,尤其在古罗斯和中世纪罗斯存在着"双教并存"和"双重文化"现象,因此对女性的观念也有着不同的阐释。在漫长的社会发展中,俄罗斯女性逐渐参与宗教生活和社会生活,社会对女性的观念和认识也在不断发生着变化。其女性传统观念对当今俄罗斯文化的发展仍有着深远的历史影响。

The modern study of women sprang up in the 1970 s. Before, in Europe, the view on women was based in classical and medieval civilization. Medieval Russia, for examsle, experienced 700 years of social development, deeply influenced by European culture. In religious, social and family life, women were subordinate, regulated and often lived in conflicting circumstances. In old and middle Russia there also existed the phenomena of double belief and biculturalism, generating different expositions on women. In the long process of social development, women gradually took greater part in religious and social life, with social views changing.