婴儿麻疹母传抗体衰减规律研究

Dynamic change of passively acquired maternal antibody of measles in infants

目的了解0-7月龄婴儿麻疹母传抗体衰减规律。方法选取开封市0-7月龄,未患过麻疹的本地常住婴儿及其居住地附近18-35岁健康女性作为研究对象。采用血清流行病学方法进行麻疹抗体变化规律研究,利用SPSS 20.0进行统计学分析,两组间抗体水平的比较采用t检验,不同组别间抗体阳性率的比较采用χ2检验进行,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 0-7月龄婴儿的抗体阳性率为42.75%,育龄期女性抗体阳性率为94.38%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.54,P=0.03）。0月龄婴儿麻疹抗体阳性率81.91%,7月龄抗体阳性率11.67%,随着月龄的增长而降低,差异有统计学意义（χ2=136.51,P〈0.01）。0-7月龄婴儿血清抗体浓度（GMC）为86.99IU/L,0月龄婴儿GMC为370.43IU/L,7月龄婴儿GMC为17.41IU/L,各月龄间抗体水平差异有统计学意义（F=19.01,P〈0.01）。育龄期女性GMC为694.54IU/L,18-28岁589.92IU/L,29-35岁816.65IU/L,差异有统计学意义（t=10.72,P〈0.01）。0-7月龄婴儿中,麻疹抗体主要以易感水平57.25%（296/517）、低水平26.31%（136/517）为主,抗体保护率仅为16.44%（85/517）;育龄女性麻疹抗体主要以中水平49.40%（123/249）、低水平44.18%（110/249）为主。结论 0-7月龄婴儿抗体保护率低,抗体水平随着月龄增加而降低,7月龄时几乎无保护作用,主要因育龄期女性抗体水平较低引起,消除麻疹工作需要采取综合性免疫预防策略。

Objective To understand the dynamic change of passively acquired maternal antibody of measles in infants. Methods Blood samples were collected from local female residents at their childbearing age of 18to35 years old and infants of 0to 7month old in Kaifeng for the detection of measles antibody.Student t test and chi-square test were used for data statistical analysis. Results The positive rate of measles antibody was42.75%in infants and 94.38%in women,the difference was significant（χ2=4.54,P=0.03）.The positive rate of antibody decreased from 81.91% in 0 month newborns to 11.67% in 7 month infants（χ2=136.51,P〈0.01）and the antibody GMC decreased from 370.43IU/L to 17.41IU/L（F=19.01,P〈0.01）.The antibody GMC among women aged 29 to 35years was higher than that among women aged 18 to 28years（t=10.72,P〈0.01）.Majority of infants had susceptible level（57.25%）and low level（26.31%）antibody,while majority of women had medium level（49.40%）and low level（44.18%）antibody. Conclusions Maternal-transferred measles antibody decreases as infants grow bigger and losses the protective effect at 7month old.The low level of measles antibody among newborns is associated with the low level in women.A comprehensive intervention should be taken to prevent measles.