精神障碍患者家属焦虑状况及影响因素调查研究

Survey on anxiety of family members of patients with mental disorders and its influencing factors

目的了解精神障碍患者家属的焦虑状况并分析其影响因素,提出促进其心理健康水平的对策和建议。方法使用焦虑自评量表（SAS）对2013年10月至2014年7月在沈阳市精神卫生中心住院的精神障碍患者的家属进行问卷调查,并采用logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果精神障碍患者家属SAS标准分平均（57.22±11.96）分,焦虑倾向者430例,阳性率71.67%,不同性别、不同年龄焦虑倾向阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,家庭人均月收入≥3 000元（OR=0.351,95%CI：0.169-0.727）;配偶（OR=0.124,95%CI：0.038-0.402）;子女（OR=0.259,95%CI：0.076-0.877）及兄弟姐妹（OR=0.223,95%CI：0.068-0.731）;复发（OR=0.104,95%CI：0.012-0.911）,公费医疗（OR=0.118,95%CI：0.022-0.644）为焦虑倾向的保护因素;心境障碍（OR=1.833,95%CI：1.017-3.305）为焦虑倾向的危险因素。结论精神障碍患者家属的焦虑倾向阳性率较高,提示其心理健康状况较差,应积极地采取心理疏导、干预和宣传教育,维护其心理健康。

Objective To understand the anxiety of family members of patients with mental disorders and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 600 family members of hospitalized patients with mental disorders by using self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）.SPSS 21.0software was used for data processing,chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for data statistical analysis. Results The average SAS score of family members was 57.22 ±11.96,430 out of 600（71.67%）showed tendency of anxiety,and the percentages varied insignificantly among family members with different gender and age（P〈0.05）.Multi-variant logistic regression analysis showed that family per capita monthly income over 3 000yuan（OR=0.351,95% CI：0.169-0.727）,spouses（OR=0.124,95% CI：0.038-0.402）,children（OR=0.259,95% CI：0.076-0.877）and siblings（OR=0.223,95% CI：0.068-0.731）,disease recurrence（OR=0.104,95% CI：0.012-0.911）,free therapy（OR=0.118,95% CI：0.022-0.644）were protective factors of anxiety,while,disease types as mood disorders（OR=1.833,95% CI：1.017-3.305）was risk factor of anxiety tendency. Conclusions The family members of patients with mental disorders are more likely to develop anxiety,indicating apoor mental health status.Therefore,psychological intervention and education should be actively adopted to maintain their mental health.