中职教育免学费政策的反思

Rethinking about the Free Tuition Policy of the Secondary Vocational Education

为实现教育公平,我国中职教育逐步实施了免学费政策。我们通过实地调研和调查问卷两种方式,对中职教育免学费政策效果进行评估发现,免学费政策在中职教育领域已基本实现了全覆盖,但在政策执行中也出现了诸如教育经费配置的结构性失衡、抑制优质中职学校发展、延缓低效中职学校的调整步伐等一些新问题。这些问题产生的根源在于传统的"免费就是公平"的思维方式,忽视了公平与效率的融合发展。我们认为应树立公平与效率融合发展的理念,以结构性改革为前提条件,提升教育质量;以财政支出机制创新引导职教体制改革。

In order to realize the education equalization, the free tuition policy is gradually implemented in the secondary vocational education. This paper uses field research and questionnaire survey. After evaluating the effect of free tuition, it is found that the free tuition policy almost achieves full coverage. But during the implementation period, some new problems appear, such as structural imbalance in the allocation of educa-tional funds, inhibiting the development of high quality secondary vocational schools, slowing the pace of ad-justment of inefficient secondary vocational schools. The root of the problem is the traditional thinking mode that ＂free is fair＂. It ignores the integration of equity and efficiency. It is recommended to set up the idea of the integration of equity and efficiency, use the structural reform as a prerequisite to enhance the quality of education and take the innovation of fiscal expenditure mechanism as an opportunity to guide the reform of vocational education system.