心理学客观范式的内涵、嬗变与未来

The Objective Paradigm in Psychology: Intent, Evolvement, and Future

西方心理学经过一百多年的发展,形成了以主观和客观的二分法为基础的两种范式:主观范式与客观范式。主观范式主张心理学研究毋需排除主观对象与主观方法便可以获得客观知识。客观范式则主张排除主观对象与主观方法以获得客观知识。自然主义的研究框架、逻辑主义的研究路线、还原主义的研究原则、客观实证的研究方法是客观范式的基本特征。刺激—反应范式、中介变量范式、信息加工范式、认知神经范式是客观范式的四种形态。未来心理学的健康发展,必须超越主观与客观的二分法,重构主观范式与客观范式的关系。

Over the past 1GG-plus years, there have emerged two major paradigms in psychological studies in the West , namely, the objective paradigm and the subjective one, the former arguing that subjectivity and subjective methods should be excluded in order to acquire know ledge, and the latter arguing the opposite. The objective paradigm is characterized by the naturalist framework, logical research paths, reductionist principles, and positivistic approaches. Ithas four forms, including the stimuli-response paradigm, the medium - variation paradigm, the information processing paradigm and the cognitive neuropsychological paradigm. The healthy development of psychology in future entails transcendence over the dichotomy between objectivity and subjectivity by reconstructing the relationship between the objective and subjective paradigms.