串置翼太阳能无人机气动特性仿真与设计

Simulation Research on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Tandem Wing Solar Energy UAV and Model Design

国内外试飞成功的太阳能无人机均采用常规机翼布局。设计确定一种太阳能螺旋桨无人机总体参数,机翼采用串置翼。应用FLUENT并基于3D粘性流场计算,验证表明串置翼比单翼具有气动优势。在迎角0°和6°下,对串置翼前后翼水平及垂直相对位置60种变化组合,模拟计算组合翼型升阻特性。结果表明两翼水平距离为5倍弦长和垂直距离为0.4倍弦长下,串置翼气动性能最佳。进一步确定翼及副翼和舵参数,制作完成缩比模型并试飞。

Successful test flights of solar powered unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVsat home and abroad are using conventional wing layout. The overall parameters of a kind of solar energy UAV were determined, it is propeller powered and the wing adopts unconventional tandem wing configuration. Based on FLUENT software and calculation of 3D viscous flow field, verification calculation shows the tandem wing is better than single wing in aerodynamic performance. Two-dimensional numerical simulation of low speed aerodynamic characteristic of the tandem wing was performed in sixty kinds of different relative horizontal distance and height for 0° and 6° attack angle. Through analysis on the results of lift, drag and lift-to-drag ratio, it is found that aerodynamic performance of the tandem wing is relatively best when the relative horizontal distance is 5 times the chord and relative vertical height is 0. 4 times chord. Furthermore, configuration parameters of the tandem wing, aileron and rudder were determined, making 1 ： 2 scaled model of the tandem wing UAV and testing flight.