技术进步偏离与劳动收入份额下降的经验研究

An empirical analysis of biased technological progress and decline in the share of labor income

技术进步对中性技术进步的偏离导致要素相对边际产出的变化,可能是劳动收入份额下降的重要因素。文章基于不变替代弹性CES生产函数,构造反映技术进步方向偏离指标,从而估算了中国分地区技术进步类型。(1)分解显示资本利用型技术进步主导了最近二十年中国经济发展进程,技术进步偏离与劳动收入变迁亦步亦趋;(2)利用系统距估计GMM方法和纠偏LSDV方法对1993-2012年分地区经验研究表明,资本利用型技术进步对劳动收入比重的变化具有显著性、稳健性影响;(3)在此基础之上,文章进一步利用Wan(2006)方法分解了分地区技术进步对劳动收入的贡献,结果显示在样本区间内,资本利用型技术可以解释劳动收入比重变动的20%以上。

Technological Progress which deviated from neutral technological progress and leads to changes in the marginal contribution,may be an important factor of the labor income share decline. Based on the production function of CES,this article constructed a technological progress misaligned indicator,and estimated the regional technological progress. The results shows that：（ 1） decomposition shows capital- augmenting technological progress dominated the Chinese economy development in the last two decades;（ 2） using the dynamic panel data SYS- GMM and corrected LSDV to analyze regional data between 1993- 2012,this article found that capital- augmenting technological progress had a significant,robust effect on the share of labor income;（ 3） above this foundation,we further decompose the contribution of technological progress on labor income using Wan（ 2006）,the result shows that in the sample interval,more than 20% changes of the labor income share can be explained by capital- augmenting technology.