全球金融治理体系的政治经济学分析

The Political Economy of Global Financial Governance System

2008年全球金融危机促进了全球金融治理体系的改革。从组织结构而言,当前全球金融治理体系由核心机构"二十国集团"和金融稳定理事会,另有布雷顿森林机构、主要国家和地区、相关政府间组织、相关非政府间组织、边缘国家和地区、其他非政府行为体共七类不同行为主体,构成了复杂的全球金融治理网状结构。从规则体制而言,当前体系是由银行、证券、保险、会计等不同领域组成的体制复合体。当前全球金融治理体系是一个介于正式国际机制和完全非正式制度安排之间的半正式体系。全球金融治理体系目前还存在一系列困境如集体行动中的"搭便车"现象,基于"二十国集团"的半正式关系依然无法将碎片化的金融治理体系黏合起来,建立在"小规模多边主义"基础上的网状结构和体制复合体缺乏国际合法性,以及全球金融治理体系有效性不足,等等。因此,对当前全球金融治理体系进行深层次的改革显得尤为必要和紧迫。

The 2008 global financial crisis has triggered an overhaul of global financial governance system.With regard to organizational structure,the current system is a networked architecture which is centered on the G20 and the FSB and consists of seven types of actors.These actors include the two core players(G20and FSB),Bretton Woods institutions,major countries and regions,relevant international inter-and non-governmental organizations,peripheral countries and regions,and other non-governmental actors.These actors constitute a complex networked structure of global financial governance.As to regulatory regime,the current system is a regimecomplex,in which various sub-regimes about banking,insurance,securities,accounting and others are interconnected with each other.Thus the current global financial governance system is a quasiformal system,which lies between completely formal and informal international institutions.In the system,major countries and international organizations govern global finance in a minilateral way.The global financial governance system still faces such difficulties as'free riding'phenomenon in collective action,inability of the G-20-based informal relationship to integrate the fragmented financial governance system,lack of international legitimacy of the networked structure and regime complex based on minilateralism,and insufficient effectiveness of the current system.