天下体制下的“角色”与“角色”确认问题——再探“角色原理”的运作

The“All-under-Heaven”System:the“Role”Theory Revisited

从心理文化学的视角来看,古代东亚国际秩序即为"天下",这一天下体制由"角色原理"支配运行。体制内主要存在"核心行为体"和"非核心行为体"两大类角色,后者可细分为"亲人""熟人""生人"。"角色"的确认与伦人社会"相互依赖型"自我及"信用借贷型"交换模式有关。在确认过程中,需要行为体通过互动关系和依据自身实力(军事、经济、文化)进行角色定位;核心行为体的确认需要得到非核心行为体的认可,而非核心行为体的考量主要基于受军事威慑、求政治名分、获安全保障、得经济文化交流四个因素;非核心行为体的确认则依赖于核心行为体的圈子划分,所依据的是地理位置远近、交往关系亲疏、接受核心文化程度高低及核心行为体基于自身安全的判断。

When viewed from a psychocultural perspective,Ancient East Asian order can be characterized as an 'All-Under-Heaven'international system,in which the dominant principle is one of 'Role.'This system has two major roles—the core actor and the non-core actor,and the latter can be further divided into 'relative','acquaintance',and 'stranger.'Role confirmation is related to the'mutually interdependent'self and the'credit exchange model'of'Lun-Jen Human Relations.' During the role confirmation process,different actors self-position themselves based on interactions and their own military,economic and cultural power.Confirmation of the core actor entails acceptance by non-core actors,whose considerations include military deterrence,political status,security assurance,and economic and cultural communication.Confirmation of non-core actors is dependent on the classification of circles by the core actor based on geographical distances,closeness of relations,the degree of acceptance of the core culture,and selfjudgment of the core's security.