中国城镇工资水平民族差异的实证分析

An Empirical Study on Ethnic Wage Level Differences in Chinese Cities and Towns

随着我国城镇人口中少数民族比重的增大,少数民族已成为我国城镇人口中的重要组成部分,那么城镇居民中,工资水平是否存在民族差异呢?如果存在,在不同工资水平的差异是否相同?基于2005年全国1%人口抽样调查的数据^(1),研究发现我国城镇居民中少数民族与汉族的工资水平间确实存在差异。进行分位数回归分解后发现,在不同的工资水平上两者间呈现的差异不同,在中等以下工资水平的群体中,少数民族低于汉族,而在中等及中等以上工资水平的群体中,少数民族则高于汉族。随着工资水平由低到高,工资差异呈现先缩小后扩大的U型趋势,伴随这一变化的是民族因素对于工资差异贡献度的相同变化和人力资本特征对于工资差异贡献度的相反变化。

With an increased proportion of ethnic minorities in urban population, ethnic minorities have become an important part of China＇ s urban population. Then, are there ethnic wage level differences in China＇ s urban residents？ If there are, are the differences at different wage levels the same？ Based on the data of the 1% population sample survey in 2005, we find that wage level differences exist between the minorities and the Han people in China＇ s cities and towns. Quantile regression and decomposition analysis show that, there are some differences. In the groups below the medium level, minority＇ s wage level is lower than that of the Han, and in the groups of medium and above medium levels, minority s wage level is higher than that of the Han. At the wage levels from low to high, wage differences display a U shape trend, which means that the wage differences decrease first and then increase. The contribution of ethnic factors to wage differences follows the same pattern of change, while that of human capital characteristics to wage differences presents an opposite pattern.