从“桃姑”到“哈妹”——京族妇女文化角色变迁的人类学考察

From “Peach Girl”to “Ha Sister”——An Anthropological Survey of the Change of Cultural Role of Jing Women

"桃姑"曾经是广西东兴市京族对参与"哈节"祭神献唱的妇女的专门称谓。改革开放之初,"桃姑"的称谓被"哈妹"所取代。在京族哈节及京族独弦琴先后进入国家非物质文化遗产名录而使京族文化得到了越来越广泛的社会认同的过程中,"哈妹"逐渐成为勤劳善良、多才多艺的京族妇女的美誉。"哈妹"对"桃姑"的替换及其意涵的变化表征了京族妇女社会地位的变化。

＂Peach Girl＂ used to be the special name for the female singers at Ha Festival of the Jing people in Dongxing of Guangxi. In the early years of the reform and opening up, it was replaced by ＂Ha Sister＂ （Ha means song）. After Ha Festival and single - string instrument entered the list of national intangible cultural heritage, Jing culture has received more social recognition. In this process, ＂Ha Sister＂ gradually has become a respectable name for hardworking and versatile Jing women. The replacement and the change of the meaning of the two names reflect the change of social position of Jing women.