新型氮肥增效剂在水稻上的节肥增产效果研究

Effects of the New Synergist of Entrench on Grain Yield and Fertilizer-Saving for Rice

氮肥是保证水稻高产的关键,但目前我国水稻氮素利用率偏低是亟待解决的问题,添加硝化抑制剂等为其提供了可行的解决手段。以新型氮肥增效剂伴能为研究对象,通过田间试验,从水稻产量、物质积累、氮素吸收利用效率以及经济效益等方面做出综合评价,为其在水稻生产上推广应用提供科学依据。试验处理分别包括农民习惯（仅施用基肥和分蘖肥,不施穗肥）、常规高产（减少基肥,增施穗肥）、增施伴能（在农民习惯施肥基础上增施伴能,即基肥＋伴能、蘖肥＋伴能、基蘖肥＋伴能）共5个处理。结果表明：与＂常规高产＂处理相比,＂农民习惯＂处理产量、抽穗后干物质积累、全生育期氮吸收分别降低15.5%、52.1%和15.5%。与＂农民习惯＂处理相比,增施伴能各处理产量、抽穗后干物质积累、全生育期氮吸收分别增加17.6%～26.5%、114.1%～122.1%和13.1%～27.7%,其中＂基蘖肥＋伴能＂处理显著高于前者。增施伴能各处理净收入比＂农民习惯＂处理增加3.7%～10.2%,与＂常规高产＂处理相当。增施伴能各处理氮肥偏生产力均显著高于＂农民习惯＂和＂常规高产＂处理（P〈0.05）。因此,为促进水稻增产增收和氮素利用效率协同提高,适宜在南方水稻种植区农民习惯施肥条件下推广应用新型氮肥增效剂。

China is the largest producer and consumer of rice（ Oryza sative L.） in the world.Nitrogen is the most essential element for rice production.However,low nitrogen use efficiency has been existed.Nitrification inhibitor was developed to solve this problem.The effects of the new nitrogen fertilizer synergist（ Entrench） was studied to provide reliable basis for the fertilizer promotion in rice cultivation. The treatments included Farmers＇ fertilization practice（ without panicle fertilizer）,Conventional high yield measures（ decreasing basal fertilizer as panicle fertilizer）,and Increasing entrench for farmers＇ practice（ including combined entrench with basal fertilizer,tillering fertilizer,or both）,respectively.The application amount of entrench was 2.55 L / hm2 in the corresponding plots. Under the trial conditions,the results showed that in comparison with ＂Conventional high yield measures＂,the grain yields,the aboveground biomass after heading,and nitrogen uptake in rice plants decreased by 15.5%、52.1% and 15.5% in the plots with the Farmers＇ fertilization practice. However,these indicators increased by 17.6% ～ 26.5%、114.1% ～ 122.1% and 13.1% ～ 27.7%,respectively in the plots of combined entrench as compared to the Farmers＇ fertilization practice.Particularly,they increased significantly when the entrench applied with basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer simultaneously.The economic benefit of rice production could be improved by 3.7% ～ 10.2% with increased entrench as compared to the Farmers＇ fertilization practice.In addition,partial factor productivity of nitrogen could also be improved by the synergist. In order to promote the rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency coordinately,the new synergist can be popularized for rice production,especially combined with N fertilizer as basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer simultaneously.