儿童IgA肾病合并膀胱血管瘤1例报告并文献复习

Ig A nephropathy combined with hemangioma of bladder in children: a case report

目的探讨儿科临床血尿性疾病的诊断思路。方法总结分析1例IgA肾病合并多发性膀胱血管瘤患儿的临床资料。结果女性患儿,9岁,临床表现为多次呼吸道感染后诱发间断肉眼血尿、持续性镜下血尿,伴尿中血凝块6年余,尿常规蛋白＋＋＋,RBC满视野/HP;24 h尿蛋白定量0.54～1.02 g,肾早期损伤指标以微量白蛋白为主;腹部、泌尿系超声未见异常;泌尿系增强CT扫描未见异常;肾动脉造影未见动静脉畸形或瘘;肾活检病理诊断为局灶增生性IgA肾病;膀胱镜检查提示多发性血管瘤。结论儿童膀胱血管瘤临床较为罕见,对于表现为肉眼血尿伴血凝块,影像学检查无明确异常或其他疾病者,如IgA肾病诊断后治疗不满意,应行膀胱镜检查,以除外膀胱血管瘤的可能。

Objective To explore the diagnosis of pediatric clinical hematuria disease. Methods The clinical data of one pediatric patient with Ig A nephropathy combined with multiple bladder hemangioma were summarized and analyzed. Results For more than 6 years, 9-year-old female presented with repeated intermittent gross hematuria and persistent microscopic hematuria with the blood clot in urine after several respiratory tract infections. Routine urine test showed protein ＋＋＋, RBC in full field of vision/HP, and 0.54-1.02 g of 24 h urine protein quantitation. Early damage index of kidney is mainly based on microalbumin. The ultrasound showed no abnormal abdomen and urinary tract. Also there was no abnormality in enhanced urinary tract CT scan. Renal arteriography showed no fistula or arteriovenous malformation. Pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was focal proliferative Ig A nephropathy. Cystoscopy examination suggested multiple hemangioma of bladder. Conclusion Bladder hemangioma is a rare condition in childhood. For children presented gross hematuria with blood clots, when the imaging finds no abnormalities or other diseases and the treatment of Ig A nephropathy is unsatisfatry after diagnosis, the cystoscopy should be performed to exclude the possibility of bladder hemangioma.