CRISPR/Cas9系统在培育抗病毒植物新种质中的应用

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in breeding of new antiviral plant germplasm

随着CRISPR/Cas9系统在基因组编辑技术上的开发和完善,CRISPR/Cas9系统在应用于动物病毒感染性疾病防治并取得相当成效的同时,也逐步被应用到对植物病毒基因组进行高效靶向修饰的研究中。CRISPR/Cas9系统对基因组靶向修饰作用不仅实现了对植物DNA病毒基因组序列的编辑,还展示了其有效作用于植物RNA病毒基因组的潜力,同时CRISPR/Cas9系统还能在基因转录和转录后调控水平发挥作用,说明该系统具有通过多种途径调控植物病毒复制的潜能。相对其他植物病毒病防治策略,该系统对病毒基因组的编辑更精准、对基因表达的调控更稳定,对病毒病的抗性也更为广谱。本文将CRISPR/Cas9系统与其他植物病毒病防治策略进行了比较,概述了该系统在培育植物抗病毒病新种质中的优势,分析了其具体应用在该领域中面临的主要问题,讨论了该系统在培育抗病毒植物新种质应用中的发展趋势。

With the development and improvement of CRISPR/Cas9 system in genomic editing technology, the system has been applied to the prevention and control of animal viral infectious diseases, which has made considera-ble achievements. It has also been applied to the study of highly efficient gene targeting editing in plant virus ge-nomes. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted gene modification has not only achieved the genome editing of plant DNA virus, but also showed the genome editing potential of plant RNA virus. In addition, the CRISPR/Cas9 system functions at the gene transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, indicating that the system could regulate the rep-lication of plant viruses through different ways. Compared with other plant viral disease control strategies, this system is more accurate in genome editing, more stable in gene expression regulation, and has broader spectrum of resistance＆nbsp;to virus disease. In this review, we summarized the advantages, main problems and development tendency of CRISPR/cas9 system in breeding of new antiviral plant germplasms.