无罪推定:从语义到功能的反思与重塑

Presumption of Innocence: from Semantics to Functions of Reflection and Reconstruction

无罪推定理论价值不容否定。但理论缺陷也不应回避:从语义视角,无罪推定原则所持的一元标准导致其存在逻辑矛盾,无论是学者早先提出的推定,抑或是为了修正无罪推定而提出的假定,均未能跳出一元论的逻辑框架。从功能与实践运行分析,应然层面功能设计缺失导致实然层面制度初衷的落空,人权保障的功能设计未能达致。无罪推定理论的重塑需要从法理到立法的全面建构。笔者认为无罪推定包括:人权保障、举证责任分配与证明标准达致、程序法定和存疑有利被告的全面重构。

The value of the presumption of innocence is obvious, but we also should envisage the defects： from the perspective of semantics, the principle of presumption of innocence hold the one-dimensional standard, it led to its logic contradiction, the theory of legal conflict, whether scholars had presumed, or in order to adjust it and puts forward the assumption of the presumption of innocence, and all this failed to jump out of the logical framework of one-dimensional standard. From the functions and practice operation analysis, the lack of functional design makes reality level system of the original failed, and it failed to achieve the function of human rights protection purpose. About semantic reshaping, there is the radical and improve road; on function reconstruction, it is necessary to the comprehensive construction of legal theory to the legislation. First, I agrees with moderate path, and the presumption of innocence involve human rights protection, the distribution of burden of proof and the proof standard to achieve, legal and doubtful favorable defendants comprehensive reconstruction program.