播期和苗龄对简易育苗移栽油菜生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Seedling Age on Growth,Development and Yield of Simply-raised Transplanted Rapeseed

为了确定油菜简易育苗移栽的适宜播期和移栽苗龄，在大田条件下，以华双128为试验材料，研究了播期、苟龄对油菜产量、产量构成、农艺性状、干物质积累的影响。结果表明：随着播期的推迟，产量、单株角果数、有效分枝数、结角密度、干物质积累量、粒壳比明显下降，而每角粒数、千粒重、分枝高度、收获指数略有增加。不同播期条件下，均以苗龄40d的油菜表现较优，分枝高度低，有效分枝数、单株有效角果数多，干物质积累量高，最终产量高；苗龄30d的次之。综合来看，在该试验条件下，油菜简易育苗移栽模式适宜的播期为9月20-30日，适宜的移栽苗龄为30-40d。

In order to clarify the suitable sowing date and seedling age of simply-raised transplanted rapeseed, the author conducted field experiments to investigate the effects of sowing date and seedling age on the yield, yield components, agronomic characters and dry matter accumulation of rapeseed variety Huashuang 128. The results showed that sowing date had a significant influence on rapeseed. Along with the delay of sowing date, the yield, silique number per plant, effective branch number, silique density, dry matter accumulation and seed-hull ratio of rapeseed were significantly decreased, but the number of seeds per silique, 1000-seed weight, branch height and harvest index were slightly increased. Under the conditions of different sowing dates, the rapeseed plants in 40-day seedling-age treatment had better performances： low branch height, more effective branches and effective siliques per plant, and high dry matter accumulation and final yield, which were followed by those in 30-day seedling-age treatment. In a word, the suitable sowing date of rapeseed simplified seedling-raising and transplanting technology was from September 20th to September 30th, and the proper transplanting seedling-age was 30-40 days under this experiment condition.