不同土壤对烤烟质体色素含量变化规律及中性致香成分的影响

Effects of Different Soil Textures on Change Law of Plastid Pigment Content and Neutral Aroma Components in Flue-cured Tobacco

以毕纳一号为材料,研究贵州毕节市当地典型壤土、粘土、砂土3种不同质地土壤对烟叶色素形成、降解规律及中性致香物质含量及品质的影响。结果显示:壤土通透性好,前期利于物质积累,后期色素降解充分,叶片身份足,烘烤过程中质体色素降解充分;烤后中部叶中性致香物质总量在壤土与砂土上较高,均比粘质土壤烟叶增加13.9%。壤土上部烟叶中性致香物质含量最高,比粘质土壤增加2.5%,比砂质土壤烟叶增加9.8%。中部烟叶类胡萝卜素降解产物含量在砂土与壤土上较高;上部烟叶含量在壤土上最高,比砂壤土烟叶高5.4%,比粘土烟叶高11.5%。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different soil textures （loam soil, clay soil and sandy soil） on the formation and degradation of plastid pigment, and the content and quality of neutral aroma components in leaves of flue-cured tobacco variety Bina No. 1 in Bijie city, Guizhou province. The results showed that loam soil had a good permeability, which was beneficial to the accumulation of substances in tobacco leaves at earlier stage, and the sufficient degradation of plastid pigment at later stage. Bina No. I planted on loam soil had large leaf body, and its plastid pigment could be fully degraded in the process of baking. The total content of neutral aroma components in baked middle leaves of tobacco planted on loam soil and sandy soil was 13.9% higher than that of tobacco planted on clay soil. The total content of neutral aroma components in baked upper leaves of tobacco planted on loam soil was the highest, and it was 2.5% or 9.8% higher than that of tobacco planted on clay soil or sandy soil, respectively. The content of earotenoids degradation products in baked middle leaves of tobacco planted on sandy soil and loam soil was higher, and that in baked upper leaves of tobacco planted on loam soil was 5.4% or 11.5% higher than that of tobacco planted on sandy soil or clay soil, respectively.