技术侦查证据认定中的辩护权保障——以审判中心为视角

Research on the Protection of the Right of Defense in the Identification of Technical Investigation Evidence——Based on the Trial Center

在我国刑事司法实践中,侦查中心主义长期盛行,"以审判为中心"需要通过具体诉讼措施来贯彻实施。技术侦查证据的庭审认定的研究仍较为薄弱,理论界集中于批评技术侦查措施的立法。而当下问题主要是技术侦查证据认定中的粗糙,侵犯了被告方的辩护权,表现为流于形式的庭审和判决书说理。通过司法现状的考察和比较法的研究,可以发现在维护技术侦查措施秘密的同时,完全可以将部分证据在庭审中展示。因此,可以借鉴我国台湾地区《通讯保障及监察法》,以出示书面文件为原则,以不出示为例外。在庭审中对于辩护方的质疑应当允许辩护方对"形式文件"进行质证,而在判决书中也应就是否采用"形式文件"和控辩双方的争议展开论述,并在未来的改革中确立"事后通知"原则。

In our country, the investigative centralism is popular in the criminal judicial practice, ＂the trial center＂ needs to be carried out through the implementation of specific measures. The research on the identification of the evidence of technical investigation is not enough, and the current research focuses on the legislation of technical investigation measures. However, the main problem is that the identification of the evidence of technical investigation violates the right of defense. Through the investigation and comparison, it is obvious that it is feasible to show evidence in the trial. Therefore, the presentation of written documents should be plural representation, and the refusal is exception; The criminal procedure law should establish the rule that the ＂non-substantive documents＂ can be used in the cross examination and be discussed in the verdict. The ＂post event notice＂ should be established in the future reform.