不同光环境对幼兔眼球发育的影响

Effects of different light environments on eyeballs development in immature rabbits

目的观察不同光环境对幼兔眼球发育的影响。方法将24只1月龄新西兰幼兔随机分为自然光组、全光谱组与日光灯组。自然光组饲养在正常自然光线的照射环境中。全光谱组饲养在全光谱环境下。日光灯组饲养在日光灯环境下。人工光源根据外界光强度的变化自动调节照明度,使照明节律与自然光一致。饲养3个月后观察三组幼兔眼轴长度及视网膜透射电镜超微结构变化。结果正视化过程中,三组幼兔眼轴长度均有所增加,自然光组与全光谱组增加程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而日光灯组增加的程度显著大于自然光与全光谱组(P<0.01)。自然光组视网膜超微结构无异常,全光谱组神经纤维层仅少量空泡化,而日光灯组视网膜损伤程度较重:感光细胞排列紊乱,线粒体肿胀;色素上皮细胞胞质出现大量脂质颗粒;神经纤维层大量空泡。结论日光灯作为光源会造成视网膜结构紊乱,对眼球发育不利。而全光谱灯对眼球发育的影响接近自然光。在眼球发育过程中应使用全光谱灯代替日光灯作为人工光源。

Objective To observe the effects of different light environments on eyeballs development in immature rabbits. Methods Totally 24 one-month-old New Zealand immature rabbits were randomly divided into natural light group, full spectrum group and fluorescent light group, with 8 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in natural light group were reared in sunlight environment, full spectrum group was reared in the M1 spectrum environment, anti fluorescent light group was reared in fluorescent environment. Artificial light automatically adjust the illumination level according to changes of natural light intensity in order to be consistent with the natural rhythm. Tire axial length and retinal ultra- struc, ture under transmission electron microscopy of immature rabbits in each group were observed after three months. Results During emmetropization, the axial length in all groups increased, and there was no significant differcnce between natural light group and full spectrum group （P 〉 0.05）, while the increase degree of fluorescent light group was dramatically greater than that of natural light group and full spectrum group （P 〈 0.01）. The retinal ultrastructure in natural light group showed no abnormality and the lull spectrum group showed only a small degree of vacuolization. The retinal damage in fluorescent light group was critical as photoreceptor cells were in extremely disorder and mitoehondrial swelled, there were large number of lipid particles in pigment epithelial cells cytoplasm and a lot of vacuoles in nerve fiber layer cells. Conclusion Fluorescent light as a light source can cause light damage to the retina, and it is disadvantage for eyeball development. The impact of full spectrum light to the eyes is similar to natural light. The artificial light of fluorescent lights should be taken place by full spectrum lights.