何处是吾乡——《同胞》中两代旅美知识分子家园意识对比研究

No Regression but Homeland: Comparative Analysis of Homeland Consciousness of Two Generations of Chinese Intellectuals Emigrated to America in Kinfolk

中华民族5 000余年的农耕文化,铸造了中国人根深蒂固的寻根归家意识。家园是漂泊异乡的游子心之所系、神之所向的物质实体和精神寄托。《同胞》中两代旅美知识分子代表人物梁文华、詹姆斯父子对于地理家园、精神家园都有着深深的眷恋和追求,却成了无家可归者。之所以无家可归,直接的原因是当时动荡的时局使梁氏父子成了地理上的无家可归者;深层的原因是尴尬、杂糅的文化身份使其在文化冲突中产生困惑,由此成了心理上的无家可归者;而最根本的原因是知识分子脱离实际的生活状态。无家可归的实质主要是在人与环境、角色与关系、主体与客体的适应上发生了偏差,使梁氏父子无法融入现实环境、角色关系混乱、主体性丧失,由此导致其身心无处安放,灵魂无处寄托。在社会流动性加大,越来越多的人像梁氏父子被迫或者自愿远离故土的当代社会,研究以梁氏父子为代表的两代旅美知识分子无家可归及其对家园苦苦寻觅的精神苦旅,不但具有历史的、文学的借鉴意义,而且具有现实的、生活的启示意义。

Over 5000 years of farming culture in China cultivated deep-rooted root-seeking and home-coming consciousness for Chinese people. Homeland stands for nothing but physical entity and spiritual gratification that occupy expatriates＇ hearts and souls. Both the Father Liang Wenhua and his son James as representatives of two generations of Chinese intellectual expatriates have deep affection and pursuit for geographical and spiritual homeland,but appear ultimately as displaced and homeless wanderers. Their displacement and homelessness can be attributed directly to the turbulent political situation at that time that rendered them homeless geographically. Underlying reasons are their awkwardness and hybridity in cultural identity,which leads to their confusion in the cultural conflict and hence the homeless psychology. The fundamental reason lies in the intellectual＇s living state divorced from reality. The essence of being homeless is mainly deviation in interaction and adaptation between people and environment,role and relationship,subject and object,which makes the roles of father and son unable to integrate into the real world,role relation confusing and subjectivity lost,resulting in loss of space to shelter their bodies and minds as well as failure to regress to homeland to save and sustain their souls. In contemporary society where an increasing number of people are forced or willing to leave their homeland as Liang Wenhua and James,it is both of reference significance historically and literarily,and of enlightenment importance realistically and sophistically,to research on displacement and homelessness of two generations of intellectuals with Chinese origin living in America represented by Father and son Liang wenhua and James as well as their pilgrimage in metaphysical world for homeland.