论太史公胸中固有一天下大势

Inherently There was a World Situation in Sima Qian's Heart

司马迁对天下大势有着惊人的洞察力。天下大势,是指天时、地利与人和共同作用而形成的历史态势及其发展潮流,司马迁从天时、地利、人和三个角度对战争进行全方位的立体式叙写。他用天象灾异影射天下形势,天命(天道)观与"三五之变"观是他天时观的两翼。司马迁广博的地理知识使他写地利时得心应手,他不仅重视地形,而且注重地势在战争中的作用,他甚至是"地势决定论"者。"遗烈""余烈"体现出优秀民族精神持久而强大的历史穿透力,是人和的一种特殊形态。司马迁对天下大势成竹在胸,他叙写错综复杂的战争历史时显得高屋建瓴、宏阔深邃。

Sima Qian had a surprising insight into the world situation. The world situation was histori cal and development trend, which was the formation interacted by timing, Qian＇s war description was a full range and three-dimensional reappearane situation with the celestial phenomena and natural disasters. The view of d were two wings of his concept of world situation. Sima Qian^s extensive location, and humanity. Sima e. Sima Qian insinuated world estiny and ＂Change of 3 and 5＂ knowledge of geography made him write location freely. He not only narrated the terrain, but also emphasized the importance of the to- pography in wars, even he was ＂topography determinism＂. ＂The Great Achievements of Predecessors＂, which was a special form of humanity, embodied the national excellent spirit with long-lasting and pene- trating power in history. Because Sima Qian understood the world situation deeply, the complex war histo- ry he narrated appeared strategically advantageous position, broad and profound.