基于被引科学知识主题突变的突破性创新识别

Radical Innovation Identification Based on Topic Mutation of Scientific Knowledge Cited in Patents

【目的】在与基础研究密切相关的技术领域,需要从专利信息中的被引科学知识主题内容出发识别突破性创新。【方法】抽取专利科学引文的关键词和学科分类表示被引科学知识;在关键词共现网络和学科分类组合中识别被引科学知识的主题;提出基于关键词和学科分类的主题突变程度计算方法,遴选突变程度高的主题对应作为突破性创新发生的技术主题,对突破性创新进行识别。【结果】在纳米电子学领域识别出已被证实为突破性创新的纳米电路相关主题,即纳米导线、碳纳米管、可计算电路等纳米电路材料和制备主题,并且是材料科学、化学、光学、生物学和应用物理等多学科交叉融会的结果,验证了该方法的有效性。【局限】被引科学知识抽取、预处理和匹配准确率需要提高,方法通用性还需在其他领域进行验证。【结论】该方法是基于专利信息识别突破性创新的重要完善和补充,可扩展应用到其他与基础研究密切相关的技术领域中识别突破性创新。

[Objective] Technical fields that closely related to basic research require radical innovation identification from the content of scientific knowledge cited in patents （SKCP）. [Methods] This paper firstly extracts keywords and subject categories of scientific references in patents to represent SKCP, then identifies topics in keywords co-occurrence network and combinations of subject categories, finally proposes the method of topic mutation degree calculation based on keywords and subject categories, to identify technical topics of radical innovation. [Results] In the domain of Nano electronics, Nano circuit is an approved radical innovation. The related topics about this are confirmed using proposed method including Nano wire, carbon nanotubes, computing circuit, and Nano materials and the manufacturing technologies. Moreover, the corresponding combination of subject categories is materials science, chemistry, optics, biology and applied physics. [Limitations] The accuracy of SKCP＇s extraction, preprocessing and matching needs to be improved and the generality of method needs to be validated in other areas. [Conclusions] This method is an important improvement and supplement of radical innovation identification based on patent information and could be extended to other technical fields that are closely related to basic research.