某甲醇厂作业人员健康状况调查分析

Investigation on health status of workers in a methanol production plant

目的分析某甲醇作业场所作业人员健康情况,为职业卫生管理提供依据。方法选择该厂工龄1年以上,同时接触甲醇和噪声的113名作业人员为接触组,单纯接触噪声的101名作业人员为对照组,比较两组各体检指标的差异。结果作业场所空气中甲醇浓度较低,时间加权平均浓度为0.9~18.3 mg/m^3,短时间接触浓度为1.7~37.2 mg/m^3。甲醇作业人员现场接触噪声的8 h等效声级在57.5~86.3 d B(A)之间,非甲醇作业人员现场接触噪声的8 h等效声级在56.9~89.2 d B(A)之间,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接触组头痛、视物模糊、头晕、多梦、眼痛咽痛、皮肤瘙痒等自觉症状发生率高于对照组,肝功能异常、脂肪肝的发生率也高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);部分甲醇作业人员出现手部皮肤粗糙现象。结论长期低浓度接触甲醇能对接触人员健康造成损害,但本次调查的作业人员体检结果要好于同类文献报道,这与该企业职业卫生管理工作相对到位有关。

Objective To understand the potential adverse effects of long-term exposure to methanol among occupational exposed population,and to provide the orientation for the occupation health management in the methanol production plant.Methods The monitoring data of occupational hazards,noise and methanol at workplaces were collected.The workers were divided into two groups,namely,113 workers exposed to both methanol and noise and 101 workers exposed simply to noise.The results of health condition of these two workers were compared.Results The airborne concentration of methanol at different workplaces varied from1.7 mg/m3 to 37.2 mg/m3,the exposure level（8 h time weighted average concentration）of workers varied from 0.9 mg/m3 to 18.3mg/m3.The noise level（8 h equivalent sound level） varied from 57.5 to 86.3 d B（A）at these workplaces where the workers were exposed to both noise and methanol.At non-methanol production workplaces,the noise level varied from 56.9 to 89.2 d B（A）.There was no statistically significant difference of the noise exposure level between these two groups（P〉0.05）.However,the workers exposed to both methanol and noise had higher prevalence of headache,blurred vision,dizziness,insomnia,eye pain,sore throat,skin itching,liver dysfunction and fatty liver,compared with those of the workers exposed simply to noise（P〈0.05 or 0.01）.Some of the workers exposed both to noise and methanol had rough skin on hand.Conclusion Long-term and low-level exposure to methanol could cause health damage of exposed workers.Compared with the reports by previous literatures,the health condition of these exposed workers in this plant was much better,which indicated the occupational health work in this plant was done well.However,more work should be done in the future to protect workers＇ health.