集体选择视角下国家公园社区参与制度研究

Research on Community Participation System of National Park Under the Perspective of Collective Choice Theory

我国正处于建立国家公园体制的起步阶段,社区参与制度作为国家公园管理体系的组成部分,是为国家公园内的地方社区寻求经济社会福利的重要保障。本文拟在评述近年来国内对国家公园、自然保护区、风景名胜区等相关研究的基础上,结合国外国家公园体系中社区参与制度的经验,并基于集体选择理论,从制定和执行两个阶段,提出了中国国家公园管理体系中7条社区参与制度设计原则:清晰界定用地边界和行动主体;制度必须因地制宜;获得政府认可的社区自治权;完善监督机制;制定分级制裁机制;建立解决冲突机制;构建嵌套式管理体系。

China is at the beginning stages of building national park system.Community participation,as a component of national park management system,is an important guaranty for the local community to seek economic and social welfare in the national park.This paper is based on the review of the recent researches of national parks,nature protection area,scenic areas and foreign experience of community participation in the national park system.What＇s more,based on the collective choice theory,this paper,from the development and implementation phase,puts forward seven community participation system design principles：clearly defined land border and action subject;rules adapted to local conditions;the government recognition of community autonomy;improving the supervision mechanism;setting classification sanctions regime;establishing a mechanism for conflict resolution;building a nested type management system.