1127例住院新生儿疾病谱分析

Disease Spectrum Analysis on 1127 Cases of Hospitalized Neonates

目的通过调查近3年住院新生儿疾病谱的构成,了解新生儿住院疾病谱,为临床防治提供依据。方法回顾性分析2012年-2014年内蒙古某医院住院新生病例1127例,进行描述性统计学分析。结果新生儿住院前十位疾病分别为:早产儿、新生儿肺炎、新生儿窒息、新生儿高胆红素血症、新生儿吸入性肺炎、新生儿咽下综合征、高危儿、新生儿脐炎、新生儿溶血病,占全部住院人数的81.2%。住院患者中男634例,女493例,男女比例1.29:1,按性别不同的前10位病种统计中男性包含败血症,而女性包括腹泻病,其余均相同,提示新生儿男性较女性更易患感染性疾病。住院患儿以早期新生儿为主占比72.2%。早期新生儿以非感染性疾病为主,晚期以新生儿以感染性疾病为主。新生儿高胆红素血症在早期、晚期新生儿阶段均为高发疾病,分别位列第3位、第2位,占比分别为8.4%,24.3%。早产儿,新生儿肺炎,新生儿窒息,新生儿高胆红素血症在各季节均为4大常见病,占总数的63%,仅排名略有不同。结论早产儿、新生儿肺炎、新生儿窒息、新生儿高胆红素血症为医院新生儿最常见住院病因,应有针对性的加强对上述疾病的诊断治疗及围生期保健宣教。?

Objectives To investigate the disease spectrum composition of hospitalized neonates in recent 3 years,understand the disease spectrum and provide evidence for the clinical prevention and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis of 1127 cases of neonatal patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of a Medical College in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2014 was carried out,and a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted. Results The top 10 diseases of hospitalized neonates respectively were：preterm infant,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,neonatal aspiration pneumonia,neonatal swallowing syndrome,high-risk infants,neonatal omphalitis and hemolytic disease of the newborn,accounted for 81.2% of all hospital admissions. 634 cases were male,493 cases were female,and the sex ratio was 1.29：1. By gender difference ,male in the top 10 diseases statistics included sepsis,while female included diarrhoeal,the rest disease spectrum were all the same,meaning the male neonates than female more susceptible to infectious diseases. Early newborn infants were major cause in hospitalized neonates accounting for 72.2% of all. Non-infectious diseases were the major cause of early newborn infants,and infectious diseases were the major reasons of late newborn infants. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was a high incidence disease in neonatal period,ranking the third and second,accounting for 8.4%,24.3%,respectively in early newborn infants and late newborn infants. Preterm infants,neonatal pneumonia, neonatal asphyxia,neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were top 4 diseases in all seasons,accounting for 63% of all hospital admissions,the only difference was ranking. Conclusions Preterm infants,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal asphyxia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were the most cautions of hospitalized neonates. Strengthening targeted diagnosis and treatment of those diseases mentioned above in newborn and improving perinatal health care and education were necessary.