伦理批评的重新界定

Redefining the Ethical Criticism

作为一种批评理论和批评方法,伦理批评经历了提出、兴起、繁荣、衰落、复兴、再发展的过程。二十世纪八十年代是其发展过程的分界线。在此之前,其繁荣表现在文学伦理学研究的蓬勃发展;在此之后,其复兴首先表现在对其定义的重新界定。此次的复兴不是道德批评的重申,而是伦理批评的进一步发展,并由此演变出了以韦恩·布斯和玛莎·努斯鲍曼为代表的新人文主义伦理批评和以希利斯·米勒为代表的解构主义伦理批评。二十一世纪初,中国学者聂珍钊也提出了中国的文学伦理学批评并逐步完善,使之成为具有系统理论框架和批评术语的批评方法。

As a critical theory and approach,the ethical criticism goes through such processes as putting forward,growing up,booming,decling,reviving,and redeveloping. 1980 s is the boundary of its development. Before 1980 s,its prosperity displayed in the vigorous development of literary ethics research; after that,its revival first displays in defining its definition again. The revival is not repeating the moral criticism,but further development of the ethical criticism,and thus developing the new humanist ethical criticism with Wayne Booth and Martha Nussbaum as representatives and the deconstructionist ethical criticism with Hillis Miller as representative. In the early 21 stcentury,Chinese scholar NIE Zhenzhao also proposed China＇s literary ethical criticism,which was gradually perfected,and becoming the critical method with the systematic theoretical frame and the critical terminology.