三峡库区典型流域塘库服务功能类型及空间分布

Service functions of ponds and spatial distribution pattern in typical watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir area

塘库作为一种典型的人工湿地生态系统,在三峡库区分布广泛。塘库的空间分布对塘库在农业生产、居民生活以及流域生态水文过程等生态服务功能方面均有重要影响。以位于三峡库区中部的陈家沟小流域为研究区,从自然因素、社会因素、生产因素等方面建立相应指标体系,采用空间分析方法定量确定塘库分布及其服务功能类型的关联。结果表明,塘库的分布是海拔、坡度、耕地以及居民点分布等自然因素、生产因素和社会因素共同影响的结果,塘库集中分布于海拔350~550 m,坡度5°~25°以及距离农村居民点20~80 m的流域中下部区域,但其服务功能类型在空间分布上差异不显著。流域内多塘系统对流域水文调节与面源污染治理具有重要意义,塘库服务功能类型的变化则反映了农村地区经济结构与生计策略的转变。

As a kind of typical wetland ecosystem,ponds are widely distributed in Three Gorges Reservoir area. The spatial distribution of ponds has an important influence on ecosystem services,such as the agriculture production,living condition,eco-hydrological process. Based on the method of spatial analysis,we analyzed the relationship between the distribution of ponds in Chenjiagou watershed and the service functions through the index system established in three aspects of natural,social and production factors. The results show that the pond distribution varies with attitude,slope,and the distance from residential site and farmland. The ponds distribute mainly in the middle and estuary region of the watershed,with the elevation of 350 to 550 m,the gradient of 5° to 25° of slope and the distance of 20 to 80 m from the rural residential site,while the difference of service function in the spatial distribution is not significant. The multi- pond system is important to the hydrological regulation and non- point source pollution control of the basin. The changes of the service functions of ponds can reflect the changes of rural economic structure and livelihood strategies.