新常态下对大学生就业难问题的重新认识——基于社会运行论的视角

Rediscovering Employment Difficulty of College Graduates in New Normal in the Theoretical Framework of Social Operation

随着"最难就业季"的来临,大学生就业难问题带来的负面情绪及不利影响不断弥漫开来。然而整理历年的"就业蓝皮书",发现大学生初次就业率并不低,当前主要问题并不是大学生失业,而是就业"满意度"。就业难的两大主要原因是扩招带来的毕业人数剧增和经济发展方式及其落后产业结构的吸纳不足,前者作为历史遗留问题将随着人口政策作用的显现而被釜底抽薪,而新常态带来的经济结构不断优化升级和向创新驱动转化将使后者迎刃而解。大学生就业难问题并不可怕,它是我国社会结构不协调的一种功能性反映。问题的根本解决要进行专业结构、教育类别结构、产业结构、区域结构等结构性调整。

With the advent of the ＂most difficult employment season＂, the adverse impact brought about by the problem of college graduates＇ employment difficulty has been more and more amplified. However, the previous employment annual reports for Chinese college graduates show that the immediate employment rate of college graduates is not that low and that the major problem currently is not unemployment but low employment satisfaction. The two main causes for college graduates＇ employment difficulty are the sharp increase of annual graduates due to expanded enrollment and the decreasing employment demands due to the outdated industrial structure brought about by the poor economic growth pattern. The former impact will gradually lessen with the implementation of the population policy of family planning in the past decades. And the latter problem will be solved with the constant upgrading of economic structure in the innovation-driven ＂new normal＂ economy. The problem of college graduates＇ employment difficulty is not that threatening and it is just a type of functional response to the structural disorder of Chinese society. The essential solution to it lies in the structural adjustments in professional structure, education category structure, industrial structure, regional structure, and so on.