保障性扶贫模式下社会救助助推精准脱贫的实证分析——基于1989-2011年CHNS数据库9次调查数据研究

An Empirical Analysis of Targeted Poverty Alleviation Supported by Social Assistance under the Safeguarding Poverty Alleviation Mode: Based on 9 Times Survey Data Research from CHNS Database during 1989-2011

文章以1989-2011年CHNS数据库数据为样本,选取社会救助这一社会保障视角,实证检验了该因素对居民户家庭收入和贫困状况的影响,并通过选取政府转移支付、医疗保险、教育水平及家庭烹饪燃料四个代理变量,分别从政府经济救助、医疗救助、教育救助及保障性基础设施建设等方面对这一影响进行了更深层次的多角度研究。研究结果显示,医疗保险、教育水平及家庭烹饪燃料三大因素都会显著增强居民户家庭的收入正向效应及贫困状况的负向效应,政府转移支付对于绝对贫困户贫困有显著负向作用,但对低收入者贫困状况影响却并不显著。文章不仅研究了保障性扶贫模式下的社会救助对于居民户收入和贫困的影响程度,还从精准扶贫的新形势下分析了社会救助发挥助推和保障扶贫作用的功能,特别是政府转移支付对于绝对贫困户和一般性相对贫困、低收入家庭应因户制宜地合理制定扶贫方案,防止扶贫资源的"精英捕获",充分发挥精准扶贫下的社会救助保障功能。

Taking the data from CHNS Database 1989-2011 as samples, this paper chooses the perspective of social assistance to conduct an empirical test on the impact of that factor on the residents＇ household income and poverty status, and by choosing the four proxy variables of government transfer payments, health insurance, education level and family cooking fuel, it makes a deeper level and multi-angle study of this impact from such aspects as government economic rescue, medical assistance, education assistance and protective infrastructure construction respectively. The results show that the three factors of medical insurance, education level and family cooking fuel can significantly enhance the positive effect of residents＇ household income and the negative effect of poverty status; the government transfer payments can have significant negative effect on the poverty of absolute poverty-stricken families, but no significant impact on the poverty of low-income earners. This paper not only studies the impact of social assistance under the safeguarding poverty alleviation mode on households income and poverty status, but also analyzes from the new situation of targeted poverty al- leviation the role of social relief in supporting and protecting its poverty alleviation function, especially rational poverty alleviation programs should be made according to the real conditions of each household when government making transfer payments to the absolute poverty-stricken families and the general relative poor and low-income families, so as to prevent the poverty alleviation resources from being ＂captured by the elites＂ and give full play to the social relief safeguard function of targeted poverty alleviation.