《禁止酷刑公约》在中国的实施问题

The Problem of Implementation of Convention against Torture in China

中国立法机关在1988年批准了《禁止酷刑公约》,中国法律也严禁刑讯逼供,但酷刑现象仍然存在。其成因的一个重要方面就是《公约》的一些规定在中国未能得到有效和充分的实施,如立法上缺乏酷刑的完整定义、缺乏独立的调查机制、酷刑受害者的申诉权缺乏保障,以及存在有罪不罚现象,等等。与此同时,酷刑现象的一个深层次原因则在于刑事司法体制的弊端,如公、检、法一体化体制、缺乏独立的司法等。为了有效防止酷刑,中国应充分地实施《公约》和深化司法改革。

Even governmental official documents have acknowledged the pervasiveness of torture in China though China ratified the Convention against Torture （CAT） in 1988, and extortion of confession under torture has been prohibited by Chinese law. Many factors contribute to the continuing practice of torture, one of the important factors is the problem of implementation of CAT. Namely, some of the pro- visions of the Convention have not been implemented effectively and fully in China. There is no compre- hensive definition of torture in Chinese legislation; independent investigation mechanism is lacking; the right of victims of torture to complain can not he protected; impunity still exists; and so on. Further- more, the crucial factor for the continuing practice of torture lies in the judiciary system. The unjust cases disclosed by the media in recent years have reflected the drawbacks of the criminal justice system, such as the integrative system of public security, the procuratorate and courts, and lack of independence of the judiciary. In order to preventing torture effectively, China should implement the Convention fully and deepen judicial reform.