司法信任的梯度与反梯度

The Gradient and Counter-gradient of Judicial Trust

司法界、法学界普遍认为当代中国存在"司法公信力缺失"的问题,但多项调查的数据却显示民众司法信任度较高,本文将这一矛盾现象称为"司法信任认知偏移"。为解释这一现象,本文运用CGSS2010和CGSS2012数据开展研究。研究发现:一方面,作为信任对象的司法系统处于"梯度信任"之中,对司法系统的信任度介于中央政府与地方政府之间。"司法信任认知偏移"现象背后蕴含着东西方文化和体制的差异。另一方面,民众对司法系统的信任存在阶层分化,具有"反梯度"特征。司法信任度较低的社会中上阶层更多地利用司法资源并掌握网络话语权,使得司法界、法学界在司法实践、社会舆论中接收到大量消极、负面的评价,并将主流舆论误以为民意的主流,从而产生"司法信任认知偏移"。由此文章提出,应理性、系统、全面地理解司法信任现状,而不应被片面的信息所蒙蔽。

Judicial and legal circles generally believe that lacking of judicial trust in contemporary China, while a number of survey data show that the degree of judicial trust is still high, this paper calls it ＂cogni- tive bias of judicial trust＂. In order to explain this phenomenon, this paper uses CGSS2010 and CGSS2012 data to carry out research. The study finds： on one hand, the trust of judicial system is in the gradient trust, the trust of the judicial system is between the central government and the local government. The phenomenon of ＂cognitive bias of judicial trust＂ can be partly understood by the analysis of the trust pattern. On the other hand, the trust of judicial system has the characteristics of ＂Counter-gradient＂, the stratification status and the degree of judicial trust are negatively correlated. Upper class society take more the judicial resources and master the discourse in network, which makes judicial and legal circles received a lot of negative information. The article puts forward that the judicial trust should be researched rationally and systematically, and should not be blinded by the one-sided information.