长江经济带经济-环境协调发展格局及演变

Pattern Evolution of Economy-environment Coordinated Development in the Changjiang River Economic Belt

通过经济与环境系统的协调发展度评估,分析了长江经济带经济环境协调发展的时空演变格局,并对经济带经济发展、环境污染与环境质量的格局与态势展开探讨。研究表明:经济带协调发展度空间差异显著,东部地区明显大于中西部地区,沿江地区高于非沿江地区。高度协调型主要分布在长三角地区及少数中西部省会城市;高度失调型主要分布在重庆、皖北、滇西南、鄂中等地区;江西与四川是协调型转为失调型的集中地区。长三角核心城市经济地位依然凸显,但长三角边缘地区城市经济位序呈下降趋势,中西部地区部分城市经济位序上升明显。工业废水排放以重庆、苏州、杭州为最多,工业SO2排放呈现3大集中地带。城市空气质量较差的是长三角边缘地区以及中西部沿江地区,城市空气质量总体上与工业SO2排放、工业烟尘排放在空间格局上较为吻合。长江干流断面水质上游(川滇渝)与下游(苏沪)较差,一定程度上反映了沿江地区工业废水排放对长江水质的影响。最后,从树立发展与保护双重使命,创新经济带开发体制机制;推进下游城市经济转型升级,培育中上游新的经济增长极;落实最严格的管理制度,共建生态文明示范带等方面提出发展建议。

Resources and environment are material conditions of economic development and foundation of human survival,which can promote economy development,both hinder economy development sometimes.In the long-term practice and study,people gradually realize the importance of coordinated development relationship between economy and environment.In recent years,the Changjiang River Economic Belt（CREB） becomes national development strategy,which ought to take task of driving economic development and shoulder responsibility of ecological environment protection.In this article,we firstly evaluate space and time patterns of economic-environmental coordinated development in CREB,and then analyze industrial pollution emissions and environmental quality situation of CREB.Results show below.Economic-environmental coordinated development degree reveals spatial differences that degree of the eastern CREB is bigger than central and eastern regions,and regions along the Changjiang River is higher than other regions.Regions with high coordinated development degree are mainly located in the Changjiang River Delta and parts in the capital cities of central and eastern CREB.Otherwise,regions with low coordinated development degree mainly are located in Chongqing,central Hubei Province,the northern Anhui Province and the southwestern Yunnan Province.Industrial wastewater discharges mostly in Chongqing,Suzhou and Hangzhou.Cities with coordinated development degree declined mainly are located in Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province.Economic status of cities in the core of Changjiang River Delta is still prominent,but that of peripheral cities in the Changjiang River Delta is in a downward trend;and economy level rank of some cities in the central and western CREB rises significantly.Chongqing,Suzhou and Hangzhou are the regions which discharge industrial wastewater emissions mostly.Regions with most industrial SO2 emissions reveal three concentrated areas where are＂Z＂glyph area in the Changjiang River Delta,southwest area and central area.Shanghai,Hangzhou,Nanjing,Nantong,Xuzhou discharge industrial fumes emissions mostly.Cities with poor air quality are located in peripheral Changjiang River Delta and central and eastern CREB along the Changjiang River.Section water quality of Changjiang River upstream and downstream is poorer;nevertheless that in middle is better.Three suggestions put forward for CREB development：1） To shoulder the dual responsibility of economic development and environmental protection and innovate system and mechanism of CREB development（e.g.green GDP）.2） To promote downstream urban economic transformation and upgrading and foster new economic growth poles in the upstream and midstream of the Changjiang River.At the same time,cities in the upstream and midstream should transfer concept of economic development from＂race to bottom＂to＂race to up＂and avoid serious pollution transfer in the industry transfer process.3） To implement the most strict management and legal system and build demonstration belt of ecological civilization.